This case study examined whether public health risks from a local government operated recycled water scheme were appropriately managed through treatment and non-treatment barriers (end user controls). The pathogen log10 reduction requirements for recycled water for a mix of uses including food crop and municipal irrigation were determined. The four recycled water plants were verified to assess if they were meeting these requirements and whether the non-treatment barriers (end user controls) were adequate
This case study shows how to determine the required pathogen reductions for the reuse of effluent for irrigation of sports fields, golf course and community open spaces and select and design the appropriate process units to achieve the necessary pathogen reduction.
This research undertaken by Natalie Crawford can help utilities to identify and assess the extent of microbiological contamination risk from pipeline renewal and repair works and identify measures to manage these risks.
Bow tie diagrams describe the pathways of a risk from its cause to its consequence and illustrate the barriers in place to reduce the risk (ISO/IEC 31010, 2009). The strength of bow-tie diagrams is that it goes beyond the usual risk assessment ‘snapshot’ and highlights the links between the threat, its consequences, the barriers preventing the consequence from occurring and the strengths of these barriers. In its full application it can be used to demonstrate the linkages between the barriers and the underlying management system. The highly visual nature of the diagrams are well-suited to communicating risk issues to non-specialists. This paper discusses the application of bow-tie to the water industry
Although human factors have been shown to be the origin of many accidents in the water industry, they are rarely formally recognised in their approaches to water quality risk management. This paper, present by Dr Annalisa Contos at Ozwater 2015 provides a discussion for as to why human factors are not considered, which industries do recognise them and how this can be and should be incorporated into the water industry.
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